Install dosbox with the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install dosbox
Create a directory for the dos mount
$ mkdir /home/<user>/.olddos
Note: replace <user> with your own user on the command above
Download QuickBasic 7.1 on https://www.qbasic.net/en/top-ten-downloads/ unzip it and move it to the mount directory
$ mv /<path-to-unzipped-folder>/qbx /home/user/.olddos
Startup dosbox and QuickBasic
$ dosbox
Z:\>mount c /home/<user>/.olddos
Drive C is mounted as local directory /home/<user>/.olddos
Z:\>C:
C:\>
C:\> cd QBX
C:\> BIN\QBX.EXE